apakah memakai cadar itu Bid'ah

A P AK AH M E MAK A I C AD AR I T U B I D ' AH ? D r . Y u s u f Q a r d h aw i P E R T AN Y AAN T e l a h t e r j a d i p o l em i k d a l am b e b e r a p a s u r a t k a b a r d i K a i r o s e p u t a r ma s a l a h " c a d a r " y a n g d i p a k a i s e b a g i a n r ema j a mu s l i ma h , k h u s u s n y a p a r a ma h a s i s w i . H a l i t u b e r awa l d a r i k e p u t u s a n P e n g a d i l a n M e s i r y a n g me n a n g a n i t u n t u t a n ma h a s i s w i b e b e r a p a p e r g u r u a n t i n g g i , y a n g me n g a j u k a n t u n t u t a n k e p e n g a d i l a n k a r e n a me r a s a t e r a n i a y a d e n g a n k e p u t u s a n s e b a g i a n d e k a n y a n g mema k s a me r e k a me l e p a s c a d a r a p a b i l a ma s u k k amp u s . P a r a ma h a s i s w i i t u me n g a t a k a n b a hwa me r e k a s i a p memb u k a t u t u p wa j a h me r e k a ma n a k a l a d i p e r l u k a n , a p a b i l a a d a t u n t u t a n d a r i p i h a k y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j awa b , p a d a wa k t u u j i a n a t a u l a i n n y a . S e o r a n g wa r t awa n t e r k e n a l , U s t a d z Ahma d B a h a u d d i n , me n u l i s a r t i k e l - d a l am s u r a t k a b a r a l - Ah r am - y a n g i s i n y a b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n k e p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n . M e n u r u t n y a , c a d a r d a n p e n u t u p wa j a h i t u me r u p a k a n b i d ' a h y a n g ma s u k k e k a l a n g a n I s l am d a n uma t I s l am . H a l i n i d i p e r k u a t o l e h s a l a h s e o r a n g d o s e n a l - A z h a r , y a n g me n g a k u b a hwa d i r i n y a a d a l a h D e k a n F a k u l t a s U s h u l u d d i n , d a n s e d i k i t b a n y a k t a h u t e n t a n g p e r a d i l a n . K am i mo h o n U s t a d z b e r k e n a n me n j e l a s k a n t e n t a n g ma s a l a h y a n g ma s i h c amp u r a d u k a n t a r a y a n g h a k d a n y a n g b a t i l i n i . S emo g a A l l a h b e r k e n a n memb e r i k a n b a l a s a n k e p a d a U s t a d z d e n g a n b a l a s a n y a n g s e b a i k - b a i k n y a . J AWAB AN A l h amd u l i l l a h , s e g a l a p u j i k e p u n y a a n A l l a h , R a b b s eme s t a a l am . S emo g a s h a l awa t d a n s a l am s e n a n t i a s a t e r c u r a h k a n k e p a d a R a s u l p a l i n g mu l i a , j u n j u n g a n k i t a N a b i Mu h amma d s aw . , k e p a d a k e l u a r g a n y a , d a n p a r a s a h a b a t n y a . P a d a k e n y a t a a n n y a , me n g i d e n t i f i k a s i c a d a r s e b a g a i b i d ' a h y a n g d a t a n g d a r i l u a r s e r t a s ama s e k a l i b u k a n b e r a s a l d a r i a g ama d a n b u k a n d a r i I s l am , b a h k a n me n y i mp u l k a n b a hwa c a d a r ma s u k k e k a l a n g a n uma t I s l am p a d a z ama n k emu n d u r a n y a n g p a r a h , t i d a k l a h i l m i a h d a n t i d a k t e p a t s a s a r a n . I d e n t i f i k a s i s e p e r t i i n i h a n y a l a h b e n t u k p e r l u a s a n y a n g me r u s a k i n t i p e r s o a l a n d a n h a n y a me n y e s a t k a n u s a h a u n t u k me n c a r i k e j e l a s a n ma s a l a h y a n g s e b e n a r n y a . S a t u h a l y a n g t i d a k a k a n d i s a n g k a l o l e h s i a p a p u n y a n g me n g e t a h u i s umb e r - s umb e r i l mu d a n p e n d a p a t u l ama , b a hwa ma s a l a h t e r s e b u t me r u p a k a n ma s a l a h k h i l a f i y a h . A r t i n y a , p e r s o a l a n a p a k a h b o l e h memb u k a wa j a h a t a u wa j i b me n u t u p n y a - d em i k i a n p u l a d e n g a n h u k um k e d u a t e l a p a k t a n g a n - a d a l a h ma s a l a h y a n g ma s i h d i p e r s e l i s i h k a n . M a s a l a h i n i ma s i h d i p e r s e l i s i h k a n o l e h p a r a u l ama , b a i k d a r i k a l a n g a n a h l i f i q i h , a h l i t a f s i r , ma u p u n a h l i h a d i t s , s e j a k z ama n d a h u l u h i n g g a s e k a r a n g . S e b a b p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t i t u k emb a l i k e p a d a p a n d a n g a n me r e k a t e r h a d a p n a s h - n a s h y a n g b e r k e n a a n d e n g a n ma s a l a h i n i d a n s e j a u h ma n a p ema h ama n me r e k a t e r h a d a p n y a , k a r e n a t i d a k d i d a p a t i n y a n a s h y a n g q a t h ' i t s u b u t ( j a l a n p e r i wa y a t a n n y a ) d a n d i l a l a h n y a ( p e t u n j u k n y a ) me n g e n a i ma s a l a h i n i . S e a n d a i n y a a d a n a s h y a n g t e g a s ( t i d a k s ama r ) , s u d a h t e n t u ma s a l a h i n i s u d a h t e r s e l e s a i k a n . M e r e k a b e r b e d a p e n d a p a t d a l am me n a f s i r k a n f i r ma n A l l a h : " . . . D a n j a n g a n l a h me r e k a me n amp a k k a n p e r h i a s a n me r e k a k e c u a l i y a n g b i a s a t amp a k d a r i p a d a n y a . . . " ( a n - Nu r : 3 1 ) M e r e k a me r i wa y a t k a n d a r i I b n u M a s ' u d , d i a b e r k a t a b a hwa y a n g d i ma k s u d d e n g a n " k e c u a l i a p a y a n g b i a s a t amp a k d a r i p a d a n y a " i a l a h p a k a i a n d a n j i l b a b , y a k n i p a k a i a n l u a r y a n g t i d a k mu n g k i n d i s emb u n y i k a n . M e r e k a j u g a me r i wa y a t k a n d a r i I b n u Ab b a s b a hwa b e l i a u me n a f s i r k a n " a p a y a n g b i a s a t amp a k " i t u d e n g a n c e l a k d a n c i n c i n . P e n a f s i r a n y a n g s ama j u g a d i r i wa y a t k a n d a r i An a s b i n M a l i k . D a n p e n a f s i r a n y a n g h amp i r s ama l a g i d i r i wa y a t k a n d a r i A i s y a h . S e l a i n i t u , k a d a n g - k a d a n g l b n u Ab b a s me n y ama k a n d e n g a n c e l a k d a n c i n c i n , t e r h a d a p p eme r a h k u k u , g e l a n g , a n t i n g - a n t i n g , a t a u k a l u n g . Ad a p u l a y a n g me n g a n g g a p b a hwa y a n g d i ma k s u d d e n g a n " p e r h i a s a n " d i s i n i i a l a h t emp a t n y a . I b n u Ab b a s b e r k a t a , " ( Y a n g d i ma k s u d i a l a h ) b a g i a n wa j a h d a n t e l a p a k t a n g a n . " D a n p e n a f s i r a n s e r u p a j u g a d i r i wa y a t k a n d a r i S a ' i d b i n J u b a i r , A t h a ' , d a n l a i n - l a i n . S e b a g i a n u l ama l a g i me n g a n g g a p b a hwa s e b a g i a n d a r i l e n g a n t e r ma s u k " a p a y a n g b i a s a t amp a k " i t u . I b n u A t h i y a h me n a f s i r k a n n y a d e n g a n a p a y a n g t amp a k s e c a r a d a r u r a t , m i s a l n y a k a r e n a d i h emb u s a n g i n a t a u l a i n n y a . 1 M e r e k a j u g a b e r b e d a p e n d a p a t d a l am me n a f s i r k a n f i r ma n A l l a h : " H a i N a b i , k a t a k a n l a h k e p a d a i s t r i - i s t r i mu , a n a k - a n a k p e r emp u a nmu d a n i s t r i - i s t i o r a n g mu km i n , ' H e n d a k l a h me r e k a , me n g u l u r k a n j i l b a b n y a k e s e l u r u h t u b u h me r e k a . ' Y a n g d em i k i a n i t u s u p a y a me r e k a l e b i h mu d a h u n t u k d i k e n a l , k a r e n a i t u me r e k a t i d a k d i g a n g g u . D a n A l l a h a d a l a h M a h a P e n g amp u n l a g i M a h a P e n y a y a n g . " ( a l - Ah z a b : 5 9 ) M a k a a p a k a h y a n g d i ma k s u d d e n g a n " me n g u l u r k a n j i l b a b " d a l am a y a t t e r s e b u t ? M e r e k a me r i wa y a t k a n d a r i I b n u Ab b a s y a n g me r u p a k a n k e b a l i k a n d a r i p e n a f s i r a n n y a t e r h a d a p a y a t p e r t ama . M e r e k a me r i wa y a t k a n d a r i s e b a g i a n t a b i ' i n - U b a i d a h a s - S a l ma n i - b a hwa b e l i a u me n a f s i r k a n " me n g u l u r k a n j i l b a b " i t u d e n g a n p e n a f s i r a n p r a k t i s ( d a l am b e n t u k p e r a g a a n ) , y a i t u b e l i a u me n u t u p mu k a d a n k e p a l a b e l i a u , d a n memb u k a ma t a b e l i a u y a n g s e b e l a h k i r i . D em i k i a n p u l a y a n g d i r i wa y a t k a n d a r i Mu h amma d K a ' a b a l - Q u r a z h i . T e t a p i p e n a f s i r a n k e d u a b e l i a u i n i d i t e n t a n g o l e h I k r i ma h , ma u l a ( ma n t a n b u d a k ) I b n u Ab b a s . D i a b e r k a t a , " H e n d a k l a h i a ( wa n i t a ) me n u t u p l u b a n g ( p a n g k a l ) t e n g g o r o k a n n y a d e n g a n j i l b a b n y a , d e n g a n me n g u l u r k a n j i l b a b t e r s e b u t a t a s n y a . " S a ' i d b i n J u b a i r b e r k a t a , " T i d a k h a l a l b a g i wa n i t a mu s l i ma h d i l i h a t o l e h l e l a k i a s i n g k e c u a l i i a me n g e n a k a n k a i n d i a t a s k e r u d u n g n y a , d a n i a me n g i k a t k a n n y a p a d a k e p a l a n y a d a n l e h e r n y a . " 2 D a l am h a l i n i s a y a t e r ma s u k o r a n g y a n g me n g u a t k a n p e n d a p a t y a n g me n g a t a k a n b a hwa wa j a h d a n k e d u a t e l a p a k t a n g a n b u k a n a u r a t d a n t i d a k wa j i b b a g i wa n i t a mu s l i ma h me n u t u p n y a . K a r e n a me n u r u t s a y a , d a l i l - d a l i l p e n d a p a t i n i l e b i h k u a t d a r i p a d a p e n d a p a t y a n g l a i n . D i s amp i n g i t u , b a n y a k s e k a l i u l ama z ama n s e k a r a n g y a n g s e p e n d a p a t d e n g a n s a y a , m i s a l n y a S y e k h Mu h amma d N a s h i r u d d i n a l - A l b a n i d a l am k i t a b n y a H i j a b u l M a r ' a t i l Mu s l i ma h f i l - K i t a b wa s - S u n n a h d a n ma y o r i t a s u l ama a l - A z h a r d i M e s i r , u l ama Z a i t u n a h d i T u n i s i a , Q a r aw i y y i n d i M a g h r i b ( M a r o k o ) , d a n t i d a k s e d i k i t d a r i u l ama P a k i s t a n , I n d i a , T u r k i , d a n l a i n - l a i n . M e s k i p u n d em i k i a n , d a kwa a n ( k l a i m ) a d a n y a i j ma ' u l ama s e k a r a n g t e r h a d a p p e n d a p a t i n i j u g a t i d a k l a h b e n a r , k a r e n a d i k a l a n g a n u l ama M e s i r s e n d i r i a d a y a n g me n e n t a n g n y a . U l ama - u l ama S a u d i d a n s e j um l a h u l ama n e g a r a - n e g a r a T e l u k me n e n t a n g p e n d a p a t i n i , d a n s e b a g a i t o k o h n y a a d a l a h u l ama b e s a r S y e k h Ab d u l A z i z b i n B a z . B a n y a k p u l a u l ama P a k i s t a n d a n I n d i a y a n g me n e n t a n g p e n d a p a t i n i , me r e k a b e r p e n d a p a t k a um wa n i t a wa j i b me n u t u p mu k a n y a . D a n d i a n t a r a u l ama t e r k e n a l y a n g b e r p e n d a p a t d em i k i a n i a l a h u l ama b e s a r d a n d a ' i t e r k e n a l , mu j a d d i d I s l am y a n g ma s y h u r , y a i t u a l - U s t a d z Ab u l A ' l a a l - M a u d u d i d a l am k i t a b n y a a l - H i j a b . Ad a p u n d i a n t a r a u l ama ma s a k i n i y a n g ma s i h h i d u p y a n g me n g uma n d a n g k a n wa j i b n y a me n u t u p mu k a b a g i wa n i t a i a l a h p e n u l i s k e n ama a n d a r i S u r i a h , D r . Mu h amma d S a ' i d R ama d h a n a l - B u t h i , y a n g me n g emu k a k a n p e n d a p a t i n i d a l am r i s a l a h n y a I l a a K u l l i F a t a a t i n T u ' m i n u b i l l a a h i ( K e p a d a s e t i a p R ema j a P u t r i y a n g B e r i ma n k e p a d a A l l a h ) . D i s amp i n g i t u , ma s i h t e r u s s a j a b e r mu n c u l a n r i s a l a h - r i s a l a h d a n f a t wa - f a t wa d a r i wa k t u k e wa k t u y a n g me n g a n g g a p a i b j i k a wa n i t a memb u k a wa j a h . M e r e k a me n y e r u k a um wa n i t a d e n g a n me n g a t a s n ama k a n a g ama d a n i ma n a g a r me r e k a me n g e n a k a n c a d a r , d a n me n g a n j u r k a n a g a r j a n g a n p a t u h k e p a d a u l ama - u l ama " mo d e r n " y a n g i n g i n me n y e s u a i k a n a g ama d e n g a n p e r a d a b a n mo d e r n . B a r a n g k a l i me r e k a mema s u k k a n s a y a k e d a l am k e l omp o k u l ama s e p e r t i i n i . J i k a d i j ump a i d i a n t a r a wa n i t a - wa n i t a mu s l i ma h y a n g me r a s a ma n t a p d e n g a n p e n d a p a t i n i , d a n me n g a n g g a p memb u k a wa j a h i t u h a r am , d a n me n u t u p n y a i t u wa j i b , ma k a b a g a i ma n a k i t a a k a n mewa j i b k a n k e p a d a n y a me n g i k u t i p e n d a p a t l a i n , y a n g d i a a n g g a p k e l i r u d a n b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n n a s h ? K am i h a n y a me n g i n g k a r i me r e k a j i k a me r e k a mema s u k k a n p e n d a p a t n y a k e p a d a o r a n g l a i n , d a n me n g a n g g a p d o s a d a n f a s i k t e r h a d a p o r a n g y a n g me n e r a p k a n p e n d a p a t l a i n i t u , s e r t a me n g a n g g a p n y a s e b a g a i k emu n k a r a n y a n g wa j i b d i p e r a n g i , p a d a h a l p a r a u l ama mu h a q i q t e l a h s e p a k a t me n g e n a i t i d a k b o l e h n y a me n g a n g g a p mu n k a r t e r h a d a p ma s a l a h - ma s a l a h i j t i h a d i y a h k h i l a f i y a h . K a l a u k am i me n g i n g k a r i ( me n g a n g g a p mu n k a r ) p e l a k s a n a a n p e n d a p a t y a n g b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e n d a p a t k am i - y a i t u p e n d a p a t y a n g mu t t a b a r d a l am b i n g k a i f i q i h I s l am y a n g l a p a n g - k emu d i a n me n c amp a k k a n p e n d a p a t t e r s e b u t d a n t i d a k memb e r i n y a h a k h i d u p , h a n y a s ema t a - ma t a k a r e n a b e r b e d a d e n g a n p e n d a p a t k am i , b e r a r t i k am i t e r j a t u h k e d a l am h a l y a n g t e r l a r a n g , y a n g j u s t r u k am i p e r a n g i d a n k am i s e r u ma n u s i a u n t u k memb e b a s k a n d i r i d a r i p a d a n y a . B a h k a n s e a n d a i n y a wa n i t a mu s l i ma h t e r s e b u t t i d a k me n g a n g g a p wa j i b me n u t u p mu k a , t e t a p i i a h a n y a me n g a n g g a p n y a l e b i h wa r a ' d a n l e b i h t a kwa d em i memb e b a s k a n d i r i d a r i p e r s e l i s i h a n p e n d a p a t , d a n d i a me n g ama l k a n y a n g l e b i h h a t i - h a t i , ma k a s i a p a k a h y a n g a k a n me l a r a n g d i a me n g ama l k a n p e n d a p a t y a n g l e b i h h a t i - h a t i u n t u k d i r i n y a d a n a g ama n y a ? D a n a p a k a h p a n t a s d i a d i c e l a s e l ama t i d a k me n g g a n g g u o r a n g l a i n , d a n t i d a k memb a h a y a k a n k ema s l a h a t a n ( k e p e n t i n g a n ) umum d a n k h u s u s ? S a y a me n c e l a p e n u l i s t e r k e n a l U s t a d z Ahma d B a h a u d d i n y a n g me n u l i s ma s a l a h i n i d e n g a n t i d a k me r u j u k k e p a d a s umb e r - s umb e r t e p e r c a y a , l e b i h - l e b i h t u l i s a n n y a i n i d i ma k s u d k a n s e b a g a i s a n g g a h a n t e r h a d a p p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n k h u s u s y a n g b e r g e n g s i . S eme n t a r a k a l a u d i a me n u l i s ma s a l a h p o l i t i k , d i a me n u l i s n y a d e n g a n c e r ma t , p e n u h p e r t i mb a n g a n , d a n d e n g a n p a n d a n g a n y a n g me n y e l u r u h . B o l e h j a d i k a r e n a d i a b e r s a n d a r p a d a s e b a g i a n t u l i s a n - t u l i s a n r i n g a n y a n g t e r g e s a - g e s a d a n s emb a r a n g y a n g memb u a t n y a t e r j a t u h k e d a l am k e s a l a h a n s e h i n g g a d i a me n g a n g g a p " c a d a r " s e b a g a i s e s u a t u y a n g mu n k a r , d a n d i k i a s k a n n y a d e n g a n " p a k a i a n r e n a n g " y a n g s ama - s ama t i d a k memb e r i k e b e b a s a n p r i b a d i . T i d a k s e o r a n g p u n u l ama d a h u l u d a n s e k a r a n g y a n g me n g h a r amk a n mema k a i c a d a r b a g i wa n i t a s e c a r a umum , k e c u a l i h a n y a p a d a wa k t u i h r am . D a l am h a l i n i me r e k a h a n y a b e r b e d a p e n d a p a t a n t a r a y a n g me n g a t a k a n n y a wa j i b , mu s t a h a b , d a n j a i z . S e d a n g k a n t e n t a n g k e h a r ama n n y a , t i d a k s e o r a n g p u n a h l i f i q i h y a n g b e r p e n d a p a t d em i k i a n , b a h k a n y a n g mema k r u h k a n n y a p u n t i d a k a d a . M a k a s a y a s a n g a t h e r a n k e p a d a U s t a d z B a h a u d d i n y a n g me n g e c am s e b a g i a n u l ama a l - A z h a r y a n g mewa j i b k a n me n u t u p mu k a ( c a d a r ) s e b a g a i t e l a h me n g h a r amk a n a p a y a n g d i h a l a l k a n A l l a h , a t a u s e b a g a i p e n d a p a t o r a n g y a n g t i d a k mem i l i k i k ema j u a n d a n p e n g e t a h u a n y a n g me n d a l am me n g e n a i A l - Q u r ' a n , a s - S u n n a h , f i q i h , d a n u s h u l F i q i h . K a l a u h a l i t u h a n y a s e k a d a r mu b a h - s e b a g a i ma n a p e n d a p a t y a n g s a y a p i l i h , b u k a n wa j i b d a n b u k a n p u l a mu s t a h a b - ma k a me r u p a k a n h a k b a g i mu s l i ma h u n t u k memb i a s a k a n n y a , d a n t i d a k b o l e h b a g i s e s e o r a n g u n t u k me l a r a n g n y a , k a r e n a i a c uma me l a k s a n a k a n h a k p r i b a d i n y a . Ap a l a g i , d a l am memb i a s a k a n a t a u me n g e n a k a n n y a i t u t i d a k me r u s a k s e s u a t u y a n g wa j i b d a n t i d a k memb a h a y a k a n s e s e o r a n g . Ad a p e p a t a h M e s i r y a n g me n y i n d i r o r a n g y a n g b e r s i k a p d em i k i a n : " S e s e o r a n g b e r t o p a n g d a g u , me n g a p a An d a k e s a l t e r h a d a p n y a ? " H u k um b u a t a n ma n u s i a s e n d i r i me n g a k u i h a k - h a k p e r s e o r a n g a n i n i d a n me l i n d u n g i n y a . B a g a i ma n a mu n g k i n k i t a a k a n me n g i n g k a r i wa n i t a mu s l i ma h y a n g k om i t me n p a d a a g ama n y a d a n h e n d a k mema k a i c a d a r , s eme n t a r a d i a n t a r a ma h a s i s w i - ma h a s i s w i d i p e r g u r u a n t i n g g i i t u a d a y a n g me n g e n a k a n p a k a i a n m i n i , t i p i s , memb e n t u k p o t o n g a n t u b u h n y a y a n g d a p a t me n i mb u l k a n f i t n a h ( r a n g s a n g a n ) , d a n mema k a i b e r ma c am - ma c am ma k e - u p , t a n p a s e o r a n g p u n y a n g me n g i n g k a r i n y a , k a r e n a d i a n g g a p n y a s e b a g a i k e b e b a s a n p r i b a d i . P a d a h a l p a k a i a n y a n g t i p i s , y a n g me n amp a k k a n k u l i t , a t a u t i d a k me n u t u p b a g i a n t u b u h s e l a i n wa j a h d a n k e d u a t a n g a n i t u d i h a r amk a n o l e h s y a r a ' d em i k i a n me n u r u t k e s e p a k a t a n k a um mu s l i m . K a l a u p i h a k y a n g b e r t a n g g u n g j awa b d i k amp u s me l a r a n g p a k a i a n y a n g s e r o n o k i t u , s u d a h t e n t u a k a n d i d u k u n g o l e h s y a r a ' d a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g t e l a h me n e t a p k a n b a hwa a g ama r e s m i n e g a r a a d a l a h I s l am , d a n b a hwa h u k um - h u k um s y a r i a t I s l am me r u p a k a n s umb e r p o k o k p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n . N amu n k e n y a t a a n n y a , t i d a k s e o r a n g p u n y a n g me l a r a n g n y a ! S u n g g u h me n g h e r a n k a n ! M e n g a p a wa n i t a - wa n i t a y a n g b e r p a k a i a n t e t a p i t e l a n j a n g , y a n g b e r l e n g g a k - l e n g g o k d a n b e r g a y a u n t u k mem i k a t o r a n g l a i n k e p a d a k ema k s i a t a n d i b e b a s k a n s a j a t a n p a a d a s e o r a n g p u n y a n g me n e g u r n y a ? K emu d i a n me r e k a t ump a h k a n s e l u r u h k e b e n c i a n d a n c e l a a n s e r t a c a c i ma k i t e r h a d a p wa n i t a - wa n i t a b e r c a d a r , y a n g b e r k e y a k i n a n b a hwa h a l i t u t e r ma s u k a j a r a n a g ama y a n g t i d a k b o l e h d i s i a - s i a k a n a t a u d i b u a t s emb a r a n g ? K e p a d a A l l a h - l a h k emb a l i n y a s e g a l a u r u s a n s e b e l um d a n s e s u d a h n y a . T i d a k a d a d a y a u n t u k me n j a u h i k ema k s i a t a n d a n t i d a k a d a k e k u a t a n u n t u k me l a k u k a n k e t a a t a n k e c u a l i d e n g a n p e r t o l o n g a n C a t a t a n k a k i : 1 L i h a t p e n a f s i r a n a y a t i n i o l e h I b n u J a r i r , I b n u K a t s i r , a l - Q u r t h u b i , d a n p a d a a d - D u r r u l M a n t s u r ( 5 : 4 1 - 4 2 ) , d a n l a i n - l a i n . 2 L i h a t : a d - D u r r u l M a n t s u r , 5 : 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 , d a n s umb e r - s umb e r t e r d a h u l u me n g e n a i p e n a f s i r a n a y a t t e r s e b u t

Apakah memakai cadar itu wajib

A P AK AH M E MAK A I C AD AR I T U WA J I B ? D r . Y u s u f Q a r d h aw i ( 1 / 6 ) P E R T AN Y AAN S a y a t e l a h memb a c a t u l i s a n U s t a d z y a n g memb e l a c a d a r d a n me n y a n g k a l p e n d a p a t o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g me n g a t a k a n b a hwa c a d a r i t u b i d ' a h , t r a d i s i l u a r y a n g ma s u k k e d a l am ma s y a r a k a t I s l am , d a n s ama s e k a l i b u k a n d a r i a j a r a n I s l am . U s t a d z j u g a me n j e l a s k a n b a hwa p e n d a p a t y a n g mewa j i b k a n c a d a r b a g i wa n i t a i t u t e r d a p a t d a l am f i q i h I s l am . An d a b e r s i k a p mo d e r a t t e r h a d a p p e r s o a l a n c a d a r d a n wa n i t a - wa n i t a b e r c a d a r , me s k i p u n k am i t a h u An d a t i d a k mewa j i b k a n c a d a r S e k a r a n g k am i me n g h a r a p k e p a d a An d a - s e b a g a i ma n a An d a t e l a h b e r s i k a p mo d e r a t me n g e n a i wa n i t a b e r c a d a r i n i d a r i wa n i t a y a n g s u k a b u k a - b u k a a n , y a n g s u k a memb u k a a u r a t - a g a r An d a b e r s i k a p mo d e r a t t e r h a d a p k am i y a n g b e r j i l b a b ( t e t a p i t i d a k b e r c a d a r ) d a n s a u d a r a - s a u d a r a k am i y a n g b e r c a d a r , t e r ma s u k t e r h a d a p k awa n - k awa n me r e k a y a n g s e l a l u me n y e r u k a n c a d a r . M e r e k a y a n g d a r i wa k t u k e wa k t u t i d a k h e n t i - h e n t i n y a me n j e l e k - j e l e k k a n k am i , k a r e n a k am i t i d a k me n u t u p wa j a h . M e r e k a b e r a n g g a p a n b a hwa y a n g d em i k i a n i t u me n g u n d a n g f i t n a h k a r e n a wa j a h me r u p a k a n p u s a t k e i n d a h a n ( k e c a n t i k a n ) . O l e h s e b a b i t u , me r e k a b e r p e n d a p a t b a hwa k am i t e l a h me n e n t a n g A l - Q u r ' a n d a n A s - S u n n a h s e r t a p e t u n j u k s a l a f k a r e n a k am i memb i a r k a n wa j a h t e r b u k a . K a d a n g - k a d a n g c e l a a n i n i d i a l ama t k a n k e p a d a An d a s e n d i r i , k a r e n a An d a memb e l a h i j a b ( j i l b a b ) d a n t i d a k memb e l a c a d a r . D em i k i a n p u l a y a n g d i a l ama t k a n k e p a d a F a d h i l a h a s y - S y e k h Mu h amma d a l - G h a z a l i . B e b e r a p a u l ama me n g emu k a k a n s a n g g a h a n t e r h a d a p b e l i a u me l a l u i b e b e r a p a s u r a t k a b a r d i n e g a r a - n e g a r a T e l u k . K am i h a r a p An d a t i d a k me n y u r u h k am i u n t u k memb a c a k emb a l i t u l i s a n An d a d a l am k i t a b a l - H a l a l wa l - H a r am f i l - l s l am d a n k i t a b F a t aw i Mu ' a s h i r a h me s k i p u n d a l am k e d u a k i t a b t e r s e b u t s u d a h t e r d a p a t k e t e r a n g a n y a n g mema d a i . N amu n , k am i ma s i h me n g i n g i n k a n t amb a h a n p e n j e l a s a n l a g i u n t u k mema n t a p k a n h u j j a h , me n e r a n g i j a l a n , me n g h i l a n g k a n u d z u r , me n g h a p u s k a n k e r a g u a n d e n g a n k e y a k i n a n , s e r t a u n t u k me n g h e n t i k a n p o l em i k d a n p e r d e b a t a n y a n g t e r u s b e r l a n g s u n g me n g e n a i ma s a l a h i n i . S emo g a A l l a h me n j a d i k a n k e b e n a r a n p a d a l i s a n d a n t u l i s a n An d a . J AWAB AN T i d a k a d a a l a s a n b a g i s a y a u n t u k d i am d a n me r a s a c u k u p d e n g a n a p a y a n g p e r n a h s a y a t u l i s s e b e l umn y a . S a y a t a h u b a hwa p e r d e b a t a n me n g e n a i ma s a l a h - ma s a l a h k h i l a f i y a h i t u t i d a k a k a n s e l e s a i d e n g a n a d a n y a ma k a l a h - ma k a l a h d a n t u l i s a n - t u l i s a n l e p a s , b a h k a n d a l am b e n t u k s e b u a h b u k u ( k i t a b ) s e k a l i p u n . S e l ama s e b a b - s e b a b p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t i t u ma s i h a d a , ma k a i k h t i l a f ( p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t ) i t u a k a n s e n a n t i a s a a d a d i a n t a r a ma n u s i a , me s k i p u n me r e k a s ama - s ama mu s l i m , p a t u h p a d a a g ama n y a , d a n i k h l a s . B a h k a n k a d a n g - k a d a n g k om i t me n d a n k e i k h l a s a n t e r h a d a p a g ama me n y e b a b k a n p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t i t u s ema k i n t a j am . M a s i n g - ma s i n g p i h a k i n g i n me n g u n g g u l k a n d a n memb e r l a k u k a n p e n d a p a t y a n g d i y a k i n i n y a b e n a r s e b a g a i a j a r a n a g ama y a n g a k a n d i p e r h i t u n g k a n d e n g a n me n d a p a t k a n p a h a l a ( b a g i y a n g me l a k s a n a k a n n y a ) a t a u me n d a p a t k a n h u k uma n ( b a g i y a n g me l a n g g a r n y a ) . P e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t i t u a k a n t e r u s b e r l a n g s u n g s e l ama n a s h - n a s h n y a s e n d i r i - y a n g me r u p a k a n s umb e r p e n g g a l i a n h u k um - ma s i h me n e r i ma k emu n g k i n a n p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t t e n t a n g p e r i wa y a t a n d a n p e t u n j u k n y a , s e l ama p ema h ama n d a n k emamp u a n ma n u s i a u n t u k me n g i s t i mb a t h ( me n g g a l i d a n me n g e l u a r k a n ) h u k um ma s i h b e r b e d a - b e d a , d a n s e p a n j a n g ma s i h a d a k emu n g k i n a n u n t u k me n g amb i l z h a h i r n a s h a t a u k a n d u n g a n n y a , y a n g t e r s u r a t a t a u y a n g t e r s i r a t , y a n g r u k h s h a h ( me r u p a k a n k e r i n g a n a n ) a t a u p u n y a n g ' a z i ma h ( h u k um a s a l ) , y a n g l e b i h h a t i - h a t i a t a u y a n g l e b i h mu d a h . P e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t a k a n s e n a n t i a s a mu n c u l s e l ama ma n u s i a ma s i h a d a y a n g b e r s i k a p k e t a t s e p e r t i I b n u Uma r d a n a d a y a n g b e r s i k a p l o n g g a r s e p e r t i I b n u Ab b a s ; d a n s e l ama d i a n t a r a me r e k a ma s i h a d a o r a n g y a n g me n u n a i k a n s h a l a t a s h a r d i t e n g a h j a l a n d a n a d a y a n g t i d a k me n u n a i k a n n y a me l a i n k a n d i p e r k amp u n g a n B a n i Q u r a i z h a h ( s e t e l a h s amp a i d i s a n a ) . Ad a l a h me r u p a k a n r a hma t A l l a h b a hwa p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t s e p e r t i i n i t i d a k t e r l a r a n g d a n b u k a n p e r b u a t a n d o s a , d a n o r a n g y a n g k e l i r u d a l am b e r i j t i h a d i n i d i ma a f k a n b a h k a n me n d a p a t p a h a l a s a t u . B a h k a n a d a o r a n g y a n g me n g a t a k a n , " T i d a k a d a y a n g s a l a h d a l am i j t i h a d - i j t i h a d f u r u ' i y a h i n i , s emu a n y a b e n a r . " P a r a s a h a b a t d a n o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g me n g i k u t i me r e k a d e n g a n b a i k j u g a s e r i n g b e r b e d a p e n d a p a t a n t a r a y a n g s a t u d e n g a n y a n g l a i n me n g e n a i ma s a l a h - ma s a l a h f u r u ' ( c a b a n g ) d a l am a g ama , n amu n me r e k a t i d a k me n g a n g g a p h a l i t u s e b a g a i b a h a y a . M e r e k a t e t a p b e r s i k a p t o l e r a n , d a n s e b a g i a n me r e k a s h a l a t d i b e l a k a n g s e b a g i a n y a n g l a i n , t a n p a a d a y a n g me n g i n g k a r i . D e n g a n me n y a d a r i b a hwa p e r b e d a a n p e n d a p a t i t u a k a n s e n a n t i a s a a d a , ma k a s a y a h a r u s me n j awa b p e r t a n y a a n i n i , d a n s a y a a k a n me n g u l a n g i t ema t e r s e b u t d e n g a n me n amb a h k a n p e n j e l a s a n . Mu d a h - mu d a h a n A l l a h memb e r i t a u f i k k e p a d a s a y a h i n g g a mamp u me n g u n g k a p k a n p e r k a t a a n y a n g b e n a r , y a n g d a p a t memu t u s k a n p e r s e l i s i h a n a t a u - m i n i ma l - me n g u r a n g i k e t a j ama n n y a , y a n g me l u n a k k a n k e k e r a s a n n y a s e h i n g g a h a t i wa n i t a y a n g b e r h i j a b ( t e t a p i t i d a k b e r c a d a r ) me r a s a r i a n g d a n memu d a h k a n u r u s a n b a g i y a n g me n g uma n d a n g k a n c a d a r ( u n t u k mema k a i n y a ) . M E M P E R L I H A T K AN MU K A D AN T ANG AN M E NU R U T P E ND A P A T J U MH U R U L AMA I n g i n s e g e r a s a y a t e g a s k a n d i s i n i t e n t a n g s u a t u h a k i k a t y a n g s e b e n a r n y a s u d a h t i d a k p e r l u p e n e g a s a n , k a r e n a d i k a l a n g a n a h l i i l mu h a l i t u s u d a h t e r k e n a l d a n t i d a k s ama r l a g i , s u d a h ma s y h u r d a n t i d a k a s i n g l a g i , y a i t u b a hwa p e n d a p a t t e n t a n g t i d a k wa j i b n y a mema k a i c a d a r s e r t a b o l e h n y a memb u k a wa j a h d a n k e d u a t e l a p a k t a n g a n b a g i wa n i t a mu s l i ma h d i d e p a n l a k i - l a k i l a i n y a n g b u k a n mu h r i mn y a a d a l a h p e n d a p a t j umh u r f u q a h a uma t s eme n j a k z ama n s a h a b a t r . a . . K a r e n a i t u t i d a k p e r l u d i p e r t e n g k a r k a n , s e b a g a i ma n a y a n g d i t i mb u l k a n o l e h s e b a g i a n y a n g i k h l a s t e t a p i t i d a k b e r i l mu d a n o l e h s e b a g i a n p e l a j a r d a n i l muwa n y a n g b e r s i k a p k e t a t t e r h a d a p p e n d a p a t y a n g d i k emu k a k a n s e o r a n g d a ' i k o n d a n g S y e k h Mu h amma d a l - G h a z a l i d a l am b e b e r a p a b u k u d a n ma k a l a h n y a . M e r e k a b e r a n g g a p a n s e a k a n - a k a n b e l i a u memb awa b i d ' a h a t a u p e n d a p a t b a r u , p a d a h a l s e b e n a r n y a a p a y a n g b e l i a u k emu k a k a n i t u me r u p a k a n p e n d a p a t i mam - i mam y a n g mu ' t a b a r d a n f u q a h a y a n g a n d a l , s e b a g a i ma n a y a n g a k a n s a y a j e l a s k a n k emu d i a n . S e l a i n i t u , a p a y a n g b e l i a u k emu k a k a n me r u p a k a n p e n d a p a t y a n g d i d u k u n g o l e h d a l i l - d a l i l d a n a t s a r , d i s a n d a r k a n p a d a p e n a l a r a n d a n i ' t i b a r , d a n d i d u k u n g p u l a o l e h r e a l i t a s d a l am b e b e r a p a z ama n . MA Z H AB H ANA F I D a l am k i t a b a l - I k h t i y a r , s a l a h s a t u k i t a b M a z h a b H a n a f i , d i s e b u t k a n : T i d a k d i p e r b o l e h k a n me l i h a t wa n i t a l a i n k e c u a l i wa j a h d a n t e l a p a k t a n g a n n y a , j i k a t i d a k d i k h awa t i r k a n t i mb u l s y a hwa t . D a n d i r i wa y a t k a n d a r i Ab u H a n i f a h b a hwa b e l i a u me n amb a h k a n d e n g a n k a k i , k a r e n a p a d a y a n g d em i k i a n i t u a d a k e d a r u r a t a n u n t u k me n g amb i l d a n memb e r i s e r t a u n t u k me n g e n a l wa j a h n y a k e t i k a b e r mu ama l a h d e n g a n o r a n g l a i n , u n t u k me n e g a k k a n k e h i d u p a n d a n k e b u t u h a n n y a , k a r e n a t i d a k a d a n y a o r a n g y a n g me l a k s a n a k a n s e b a b - s e b a b p e n g h i d u p a n n y a . B e l i a u b e r k a t a : S e b a g a i d a s a r n y a i a l a h f i r ma n A l l a h , " D a n j a n g a n l a h me r e k a me n amp a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a k e c u a l i a p a y a n g b i a s a t amp a k d a r i p a d a n y a . " ( a n - Nu r : 3 1 ) P a r a s a h a b a t p a d a umumn y a b e r p e n d a p a t b a hwa y a n g d i ma k s u d a y a t t e r s e b u t i a l a h c e l a k d a n c i n c i n , y a i t u t emp a t n y a ( b a g i a n t u b u h y a n g d i t emp a t i c e l a k d a n c i n c i n ) . H a l i n i s e b a g a i ma n a t e l a h s a y a j e l a s k a n b a hwa c e l a k , c i n c i n , d a n ma c am - ma c am p e r h i a s a n i t u h a l a l d i l i h a t o l e h k e r a b a t ma u p u n o r a n g l a i n . M a k a y a n g d i ma k s u d d i s i n i i a l a h ' t emp a t p e r h i a s a n i t u , ' d e n g a n j a l a n memb u a n g mu d h a f d a n me n emp a t k a n mu d h a f i l a i h p a d a t emp a t n y a . B e l i a u b e r k a t a , a d a p u n k a k i , ma k a d i r i wa y a t k a n b a hwa i a b u k a n l a h a u r a t s e c a r a mu t l a k , k a r e n a b a g i a n i n i d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k b e r j a l a n s e h i n g g a a k a n t amp a k . S e l a i n i t u , k emu n g k i n a n t i mb u l n y a s y a hwa t k a r e n a me l i h a t mu k a d a n t a n g a n i t u l e b i h b e s a r , ma k a h a l a l n y a me l i h a t k a k i a d a l a h l e b i h u t ama . D a l am s a t u r i wa y a t d i s e b u t k a n , k a k i i t u a d a l a h a u r a t u n t u k d i p a n d a n g , b u k a n u n t u k s h a l a t . 1 MA Z H AB MA L I K I D a l am s y a r a h s h a g h i r ( p e n j e l a s a n r i n g k a s ) k a r y a a d - D a r d i r y a n g b e r j u d u l Aq r a b u l M a s a l i k i l a a M a l i k , d i s e b u t k a n : " Au r a t wa n i t a me r d e k a t e r h a d a p l a k i - l a k i a s i n g , y a k n i y a n g b u k a n ma h r amn y a , i a l a h s e l u r u h t u b u h n y a s e l a i n wa j a h d a n t e l a p a k t a n g a n . Ad a p u n s e l a i n i t u b u k a n l a h a u r a t . " A s h - S h aw i me n g ome n t a r i p e n d a p a t t e r s e b u t d a l am H a s y i y a h - n y a , k a t a n y a , " M a k s u d n y a , b o l e h me l i h a t n y a , b a i k b a g i a n l u a r ma u p u n b a g i a n d a l am ( t a n g a n i t u ) , t a n p a ma k s u d b e r l e z a t - l e z a t d a n me r a s a k a n n y a , d a n j i k a t i d a k d em i k i a n ma k a h u k umn y a h a r am . " B e l i a u b e r k a t a , " Ap a k a h p a d a wa k t u i t u wa j i b me n u t u p wa j a h d a n k e d u a t a n g a n n y a ? " I t u l a h p e n d a p a t I b n u M a r z u q y a n g me n g a t a k a n b a hwa i n i me r u p a k a n ma z h a b ( M a l i k i ) y a n g ma s y h u r . A t a u , a p a k a h wa n i t a t i d a k wa j i b me n u t u p wa j a h d a n t a n g a n n y a h a n y a s i l a k i - l a k i y a n g h a r u s me n u n d u k k a n p a n d a n g a n n y a ? I n i a d a l a h p e n d a p a t y a n g d i n u k i l o l e h a l - M awa q d a r i ' I y a d h . S e d a n g k a n Z u r r u q me r i n c i d a l am S y a r a h a l - Wa g h l i s i y a h a n t a r a wa n i t a y a n g c a n t i k d a n y a n g t i d a k , y a n g c a n t i k wa j i b me n u t u p n y a , s e d a n g k a n y a n g t i d a k c a n t i k h a n y a mu s t a h a b . 2 MA Z H AB S Y A F I ' I A s y - S y i r a z i , s a l a h s e o r a n g u l ama S y a f i ' i y a h , p e n g a r a n g k i t a b a l - Mu h a d z d z a b me n g a t a k a n : " Ad a p u n wa n i t a me r d e k a , ma k a s e l u r u h t u b u h n y a a d a l a h a u r a t , k e c u a l i wa j a h d a n t e l a p a k t a n g a n - I mam N awaw i b e r k a t a : h i n g g a p e r g e l a n g a n t a n g a n - b e r d a s a r k a n f i r ma n A l l a h ' D a n j a n g a n l a h me r e k a me n amp a k k a n p e r h i a s a n n y a k e c u a l i a p a y a n g b i a s a t amp a k d a r i p a d a n y a . ' I b n u Ab b a s b e r k a t a , ' Wa j a h n y a d a n k e d u a t e l a p a k t a n g a n n y a .